4a- ARN long distance transport study using pine needles

a) Collection of pine needles from threes located at 100m, 2km and 10 km away from ARG positive sites.

b) ARG diversity, persistance and mapping around sites.

4b- ARG long distance transport in Canadian North

a) Melting glaciers and permafrost can release microbes that are potentially thousands of years old, representing another source of potential ARG.

b) Collection of air samples in polar desert sites.

c) ARG detection using qPCR and genome sequencing.

4c- ARG long distance transport in High troposphere

a) Collection of air samples in high troposphere, clouds and over Atlantic Ocean.

b) ARG identification using qPCR and genome sequencing.

4d- ARG long distance transport modelisation

a) Determine the spatial distribution of bioaerosols and ARG using AERMOD dispersion model.

b) Retro-calculation using real field sampling data.