Reveal ARG profiles and bacterial diversity associated with urban, rural and agricultural areas across Canada using a long-term sampling method (vehicles AC filters). Samples analysis using qPCR and genome sequencing. ARG identification using AI.

Determine bacterial diversity and ARG profile in bioaerosols during specific urban, rural and agricultural activities by using high-volume air samplers.

Fate of ARG using samples and results collected in aim 2.

Melting glaciers and permafrost can release microbes that are potentially thousands of years old, representing another potential source of antibiotic-resistant genes (AGRs). Collecting air from samples in polar desert sites. GRA detection by qPCR and genome sequencing.

Canadian integrated assessment model for ARG framework will be expanded to include dissemination of AMR through aerosols adding to environmental pathways addressing dissemination through water, manure application to crops and sewage.